This is an academic paper that provides commentary on the history of equipping nonparamedic first responders, such as fire fighers and law enforcement, with naloxone in Massachusetts. These first responders are typically the first, and sometimes the only, source of prehospital emergency care. Therefore, training and authorizing them to administer naloxone is a promising strategy to address the opioid crisis.
Davis, C.S., Ruiz, S., Glynn, P., Picariello, G., Walley, A.Y. (2014). Expanded access to naloxone among firefighters, police officers, and emergency medical technicians in Massachusetts. American Journal of Public Health, 104(8), e7–e9.