This is an academic paper that provides commentary on the impact of stigma on a person with substance use disorder (SUD), with a specific focus on how stigmatizing language sustains stigma. Stigma is associated with detrimental effects on treatment outcomes, health care providers, treatments, research, policies, and society as a whole.
Zwick, J., Appleseth, H., Arndt, S. (2020). Stigma: how it affects the substance use disorder patient. Substance Abuse: Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. 15(1), 50.